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''An Phoblacht'' (Irish pronunciation: , ''The Republic'') is a monthly 32-page newspaper published by Sinn Féin in Ireland. Editorially the paper takes a left wing Irish republican position and is generally supportive of the Northern Ireland peace process. Along with covering Irish political and trade union issues the newspaper also frequently features interviews with celebrities, musicians, artists, intellectuals and international activists. The paper sells an average of up to 15,000 copies every month. It was the first Irish paper to provide an edition online and currently has in excess of 100,000 website hits per week. ==History== The original ''An Phoblacht'' was founded as the official organ of the Dungannon Clubs in Belfast in 1906 and its first edition was printed on 13 December 1906 under the English-language version of the title ''The Republic''. In the first edition, Bulmer Hobson, one of the founders of the Dungannon Clubs, set out their aims:
A year later the paper merged with a Dublin title called ''The Peasant''. However, the title ''An Phoblacht'' was again used from 1925 with Patrick Little (P.J Little) as editor and continued until 1937 with a tumultuous history of internal splits and constant state oppression. From 1925 into 1926 Sean Lemass wrote a number of articles advocating the engagement into politics prior to the establishment of Fianna Fáil. Peadar O'Donnell took over as editor in April 1926 following a split in the republican movement (Little became one of the founding members of Fianna Fáil). Frank Ryan also edited the paper for some time other contributors were Maurice Twomey, Seán MacBride, Frank Gallagher (who became the first editor of The Irish Press), Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington and Fr Michael O'Flanagan, were just some of the prominent contributors during this time. The title appeared again in 1966 as the paper of a small IRA splinter group based in Cork.〔Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Minister of Home Affairs file HA 32/2/13 - "Sinn Fein and Republican Clubs 1958-68"〕 Its modern version was again refounded immediately following the Sinn Féin split by Jimmy Steele in January 1970, ''An Phoblacht'' supporting the group led by Ruaírí O'Bradaigh that became the Provisional IRA when the split with the Official Irish Republican Army occurred. In 1970, ''An Phoblacht'' was at first circulated only in the South with another republican paper also established in Northern Ireland in 1970, ''Republican News'', under the editorship of veteran republican Jimmy Steele. It supported the campaign of the Provisional Irish Republican Army and published a weekly column titled "War News", which outlined IRA actions and conflict with the British Army, and provided in depth analysis of the policies being formulated by the Republican Movement. ''An Phoblacht'' began with a circulation of 20,000 per month. Located at 2a Lower Kevin Street in Dublin’s south inner city, it moved to the northside of the capital, to Kevin Barry House, 44 Parnell Square, in August 1972. And in that October it became a fortnightly publication under the editorship of Éamonn MacThomáis, a writer and historian〔Republican who loved his 'darlin' Dublin', ''The Irish Times'' (24 August 2002).〕 who instituted changes in layout and general improvements so that it became a weekly publication. After 1976, the then Minister for Post and Telecommunications, Conor Cruise O'Brien, a Labour Party minister in the Fine Gael/Labour coalition, strengthened Jack Lynch’s original 1971 Section 31 censorship directive banning members of the IRA or its political wing Sinn Féin from the airwaves. However this ban did not extend to the print media. Section 31 produced a climate where many career journalists engaged in self-censorship to avoid official opprobrium. ''An Phoblacht'' became more important in disseminating the republican message and highlighting what it saw as the naked state oppression by the Unionist Party and the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Northern Ireland. However, it was the southern Irish government which harassed ''An Phoblacht'' most stridently, with regular Garda Special Branch investigations into the publication's links (both real and alleged) to the IRA. Mac Thomáis was arrested and charged with IRA membership and sentenced to 15 months’ imprisonment having been found guilty of the offence. The paper continued under the stewardship of Dublin journalist Deasún Breathnach until Mac Thomáis resumed duties on his release in July 1974. Within two months, Mac Thomáis was again arrested and sentenced to another 15 months. Another editor, Coleman Moynihan, who had succeeded Seán Ó Brádaigh in 1972, suffered a similar fate. The paper continued on with the succeeding editors being Gerry Danaher (1974–75), Gerry O’Hare (1975-77), and Deasún Breathnach (1977–79). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「An Phoblacht」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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